Self-Compassion Theory
Neff, K. D. · 2003
別名: Self-Compassion (Neff)
Self-compassion is defined as a healthy stance toward oneself in moments of failure or suffering, composed of three bipolar components: self-kindness versus self-judgement, common humanity versus isolation, and mindfulness versus over-identification. Its theoretical selling point is that it delivers the benefits usually attributed to high self-esteem — resilience after failure, emotional stability — without self-esteem's costs, because it does not require favourable social comparison or contingent success. It is explicitly not self-pity, self-indulgence or lowered standards.
Theory defining self-compassion as a healthy self-attitude comprising three bipolar components: self-kindness vs. self-judgment, common humanity vs. isolation, and mindfulness vs. over-identification. Distinct from self-esteem in that it does not require positive self-evaluation.
- 出典:
- Neff, K. D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223-250.
- デジタルオブジェクト識別子 — ジャーナル記事への直接リンク。:
- 10.1080/15298860309027
この理論に基づいて構築された検証済みテストを受ける
構成概念について読むことは何であるかを教えてくれます。検証済み測定具はそこでの自分の位置を教えてくれます。無料で受けられ、数分で結果が出ます。
エビデンス概要
- 実証的サポート
- 中程度のエビデンス
- 再現性
- 部分的に再現
- 異文化
- ほぼ普遍的
- メタ分析
- 14件索引済み
これらの評価は、理論に関する公開文献を要約したもので、それに基づいて構築された個々のテストの品質ではありません。以下に記載された出典に基づく編集判断であり、エビデンスが蓄積されるにつれて変化します。
歴史的背景
Neff introduced the construct and the Self-Compassion Scale in 2003, drawing the definition from Buddhist contemplative traditions and operationalising it for Western psychology. It arrived at a moment when the self-esteem movement was under sustained criticism — Baumeister and colleagues' 2003 review had just shown that high self-esteem predicted far less than had been claimed — and self-compassion was positioned as the better-behaved alternative. Mindful Self-Compassion, the associated training programme, followed in 2013 and moved the construct into clinical practice.
構成概念
自己への優しさ
Being warm and understanding toward oneself during suffering or failure rather than harshly self-critical (Neff, 2003).
自己批判
Being harshly critical and intolerant of one's own shortcomings and inadequacies — the negative pole of self-kindness (Neff, 2003).
共通の人間性
Recognizing that suffering and personal inadequacy are part of the shared human experience, rather than isolating events that happen to oneself alone (Neff, 2003).
孤立
Feeling cut off and isolated in one's suffering, as if one's problems are uniquely personal — the negative pole of common humanity (Neff, 2003).
マインドフルネス
Holding painful thoughts and feelings in balanced awareness rather than suppressing or exaggerating them — a prerequisite for self-compassion (Neff, 2003).
過剰同一化
Becoming consumed by and merged with one's negative feelings, losing perspective on the broader context — the negative pole of mindfulness (Neff, 2003).
機器
- NOESIS Self-Compassion ScaleNOESIS2026
この理論に基づくテスト
実践的応用
Self-compassion is used as both a target and a mechanism in third-wave clinical interventions, with meta-analytic evidence for reductions in depression, anxiety and stress following compassion-focused training. In eating-disorder and body-image work it is applied as a counterweight to self-criticism. In performance domains it is used to address the belief that self-criticism drives improvement, which the evidence does not support. It is well suited to self-knowledge because the three components identify which part of the response to failure is doing the damage.
測定方法
Measured with a self-report Likert scale (26-item long form or 12-item short form) yielding six subscales; because of the factor-structure dispute, positive and negative components are best read separately as well as combined.
批評と制限事項
The most substantial dispute is structural. Neff scores a total self-compassion score by reverse-coding the negative poles, but multiple independent factor analyses find that the negative items (self-judgement, isolation, over-identification) form a separate factor that carries most of the correlation with psychopathology. Critics including Muris and Petrocchi argue that the total score is therefore partly a repackaged measure of self-criticism, and that its association with lower depression is close to tautological. Neff has defended the bifactor solution; the disagreement is unresolved and is the main reason the construct is rated moderate rather than strong.
主要文献
- Neff, K. D.. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. 10.1080/15298860309027
- Muris, P. & Petrocchi, N.. (2017). A critique of Neff's Self-Compassion Scale. 10.1002/cpp.2005
- Ferrari, M., Hunt, C., Harrysunker, A., Abbott, M. J., Beath, A. P. & Einstein, D. A.. (2019). The efficacy of self-compassion interventions: A meta-analysis. 10.1007/s12671-019-01134-6