性格中程度のエビデンス

Resilience Theory

Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P. & Bernard, J. · 2008

別名: Bounce-Back Resilience

Resilience here is defined narrowly and deliberately as the ability to bounce back or recover from stress — the speed and completeness of return to baseline after adversity, not the possession of resources that might make recovery likely. This is the original dictionary sense of the word and the reason the Brief Resilience Scale exists: most instruments carrying the resilience label actually measure protective factors such as optimism, social support and self-efficacy, then infer recovery from their presence. Measuring recovery directly makes it possible to test whether those resources in fact predict it.

Theory of resilience as the ability to bounce back or recover from stress, conceptualized as a trait-like quality reflecting adaptive coping capacity rather than the absence of adversity.

出典:: Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Steger, M., & Tooley, E. (2008). The Brief Resilience Scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15(3), 194-200.
デジタルオブジェクト識別子 — ジャーナル記事への直接リンク。:: 10.1080/10705500802222972

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エビデンス概要

実証的サポート: 中程度のエビデンス
再現性: 十分に再現
異文化: ほぼ普遍的
メタ分析: 11件索引済み

研究領域臨床心理学健康心理学発達心理学組織心理学

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歴史的背景

Resilience research began in developmental psychology with Garmezy, Rutter and Werner's longitudinal studies of children who did well despite serious adversity. Their focus was outcome, but the adult instruments that followed in the 1990s and 2000s — the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Resilience Scale for Adults — largely measured resources instead. Smith and colleagues published the Brief Resilience Scale in 2008 explicitly to restore the original meaning, showing that a six-item recovery-focused measure predicted health outcomes over and above the resource-based instruments.

構成概念

回復力レジリエンス

The ability to recover from stress, adversity, or difficult life events — conceptualized as a trait-like capacity reflecting how quickly and effectively one returns to baseline functioning after being disrupted (Smith et al., 2008).

機器

NOESIS Resilience ScaleNOESIS2026

この理論に基づくテスト

Resilience Assessment

Discover how quickly you recover from stress and setbacks.

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実践的応用

Recovery-focused resilience predicts psychological and physical health outcomes after surgery, bereavement, chronic illness and occupational stress, and is used as a screening and outcome variable in health psychology. In organizational settings it is used in research on burnout trajectories. Its most defensible individual use is as feedback about pattern rather than capacity: a low score indicates that recovery is currently slow, which is information about a state that changes, not a verdict about a fixed personal quality.

測定方法

Measured with a short self-report Likert scale (BRS: six items, three reverse-worded) producing a single mean score interpreted against published norms.

批評と制限事項

Whether resilience is a trait, an outcome or a dynamic process remains genuinely unsettled, and instruments built on each assumption are not interchangeable despite sharing the name — a serious problem for cumulative evidence and meta-analysis. The Brief Resilience Scale's method factor is a known artefact: it mixes positively and negatively worded items, and much of its two-factor structure in published analyses reflects wording rather than content. Retrospective self-report of one's own recovery speed is also strongly coloured by current mood. Resilience research has additionally been criticised for placing the burden of adaptation on individuals facing structurally produced adversity.

主要文献

Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P. & Bernard, J.. (2008). The Brief Resilience Scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. 10.1080/10705500802222972
Masten, A. S. & Obradovic, J.. (2006). Resilience in development: A synthesis of research across five decades.
Tugade, M. M., Fredrickson, B. L. & Barrett, L. F.. (2004). Psychological resilience and positive emotional granularity. 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00294.x