人格中等证据支持

Resilience Theory

Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P. & Bernard, J. · 2008

也被称为: Bounce-Back Resilience

Resilience here is defined narrowly and deliberately as the ability to bounce back or recover from stress — the speed and completeness of return to baseline after adversity, not the possession of resources that might make recovery likely. This is the original dictionary sense of the word and the reason the Brief Resilience Scale exists: most instruments carrying the resilience label actually measure protective factors such as optimism, social support and self-efficacy, then infer recovery from their presence. Measuring recovery directly makes it possible to test whether those resources in fact predict it.

Theory of resilience as the ability to bounce back or recover from stress, conceptualized as a trait-like quality reflecting adaptive coping capacity rather than the absence of adversity.

来源:: Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Steger, M., & Tooley, E. (2008). The Brief Resilience Scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15(3), 194-200.
DOI:: 10.1080/10705500802222972

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证据概览

实证支持: 中等证据支持
重复验证: 已充分重复验证
跨文化性: 大致具普遍性
綜合分析(统合分析): 已收录 11 项

研究領域臨床心理学健康心理学发展心理学组织心理学

这些评等总结了关於该理論已发表的文獻,而非以此理論建构的任何单一测验的品质。它们是根据下方所列来源所作的編輯判斷,並會隨著证据累积而變化。

历史背景

Resilience research began in developmental psychology with Garmezy, Rutter and Werner's longitudinal studies of children who did well despite serious adversity. Their focus was outcome, but the adult instruments that followed in the 1990s and 2000s — the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Resilience Scale for Adults — largely measured resources instead. Smith and colleagues published the Brief Resilience Scale in 2008 explicitly to restore the original meaning, showing that a six-item recovery-focused measure predicted health outcomes over and above the resource-based instruments.

构念

Bounce-Back Resilience

The ability to recover from stress, adversity, or difficult life events — conceptualized as a trait-like capacity reflecting how quickly and effectively one returns to baseline functioning after being disrupted (Smith et al., 2008).

工具

NOESIS Resilience ScaleNOESIS2026

基于此理论的测试

Resilience Assessment

Discover how quickly you recover from stress and setbacks.

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实际应用

Recovery-focused resilience predicts psychological and physical health outcomes after surgery, bereavement, chronic illness and occupational stress, and is used as a screening and outcome variable in health psychology. In organizational settings it is used in research on burnout trajectories. Its most defensible individual use is as feedback about pattern rather than capacity: a low score indicates that recovery is currently slow, which is information about a state that changes, not a verdict about a fixed personal quality.

如何测量

Measured with a short self-report Likert scale (BRS: six items, three reverse-worded) producing a single mean score interpreted against published norms.

批评与局限

Whether resilience is a trait, an outcome or a dynamic process remains genuinely unsettled, and instruments built on each assumption are not interchangeable despite sharing the name — a serious problem for cumulative evidence and meta-analysis. The Brief Resilience Scale's method factor is a known artefact: it mixes positively and negatively worded items, and much of its two-factor structure in published analyses reflects wording rather than content. Retrospective self-report of one's own recovery speed is also strongly coloured by current mood. Resilience research has additionally been criticised for placing the burden of adaptation on individuals facing structurally produced adversity.

重要文献

Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P. & Bernard, J.. (2008). The Brief Resilience Scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. 10.1080/10705500802222972
Masten, A. S. & Obradovic, J.. (2006). Resilience in development: A synthesis of research across five decades.
Tugade, M. M., Fredrickson, B. L. & Barrett, L. F.. (2004). Psychological resilience and positive emotional granularity. 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00294.x