ウェルビーイング中程度のエビデンス

Financial Well-Being

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau · 2015

別名: Subjective Financial Well-Being

Financial well-being is defined as a state in which a person can meet current and ongoing financial obligations, feel secure about their financial future, and make choices that let them enjoy life. The definition is deliberately subjective and consumer-derived: it was built from what people said financial well-being meant to them, not from income, net worth or debt ratios. Its four elements — control over day-to-day finances, capacity to absorb a financial shock, being on track to meet goals, and freedom to make choices that allow enjoyment — cover both present security and future freedom.

The CFPB's consumer-driven definition of financial well-being: a state of being wherein a person can fully meet current and ongoing financial obligations, can feel secure in their financial future, and is able to make choices that allow enjoyment of life. Derived from qualitative research with U.S. consumers rather than from expert-defined financial literacy: well-being is subjective and behavioral, spanning present security, future security, and financial freedom of choice.

出典:: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (2015). Financial well-being: The goal of financial education. CFPB (2015). Measuring financial well-being: A guide to using the CFPB Financial Well-Being Scale.

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エビデンス概要

実証的サポート: 中程度のエビデンス
再現性: 部分的に再現
異文化: 文化固有
メタ分析: 2件索引済み

研究領域消費者金融行動経済学公共政策ウェルビーイング研究

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歴史的背景

The U.S. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau began the project in 2013 out of dissatisfaction with financial-literacy tests, which measure knowledge that correlates weakly with financial outcomes. The Bureau ran qualitative interviews with consumers and financial practitioners to derive the definition, then developed and validated a scale using item response theory, publishing the definition in 2015 and the scale with national benchmark data in 2017. It is a government-produced instrument in the public domain, which is unusual in a field dominated by proprietary tools.

構成概念

経済的ウェルビーイング

A state of being wherein a person can fully meet current and ongoing financial obligations, can feel secure in their financial future, and is able to make choices that allow enjoyment of life (CFPB, 2015). The definition is consumer-driven — derived from qualitative research with consumers rather than from expert-set literacy standards — and spans present security, future security, and financial freedom of choice. High scores describe a life with absorbable surprises and a provisioned future; low scores describe margins thin enough that money decides things for the person.

機器

CFPB Financial Well-Being ScaleConsumer Financial Protection Bureau2015

この理論に基づくテスト

Financial Well-Being Scale (CFPB)

The U.S. government's 10-item test of how your finances actually feel — scored 0-100 against a national benchmark.

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実践的応用

The scale is used to evaluate financial-education, coaching and employer financial-wellness programmes against an outcome that matters to people rather than against knowledge gains. It supports benchmarking against U.S. national distributions by age and income. In research it links financial circumstance to health and psychological outcomes. For individuals the four elements are diagnostic: difficulty absorbing a shock and difficulty enjoying life are different problems calling for different responses.

測定方法

Self-report Likert items scored via an item response theory lookup table to a 0-100 scale, benchmarked against U.S. national distributions by age and income.

批評と制限事項

The instrument was developed and normed in the United States, and its published benchmarks assume U.S. institutions — credit scoring, retirement structures, healthcare costs — so scores and norms do not transfer cleanly to other countries without revalidation. Being subjective, it partly reflects expectations and adaptation, so people in objectively precarious circumstances can report moderate well-being. It also correlates strongly with income and with general psychological well-being, leaving an open question about how much distinct variance it captures. The independent replication literature remains thin relative to its policy adoption.

主要文献

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. (2015). Financial Well-Being: The Goal of Financial Education.
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. (2017). CFPB Financial Well-Being Scale: Scale Development Technical Report.
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. (2017). Financial Well-Being in America.