Positive Mental Well-Being
Topp, C. W., Ostergaard, S. D., Sondergaard, S. & Bech, P. · 2015
別名: WHO-5 framework · DepCare well-being
This framework measures mental health by the presence of positive states rather than by the absence of symptoms — asking about cheerfulness, calm, energy, restedness and interest over the past two weeks, with every item worded positively and none referring to a symptom. The design has two consequences. It captures variation in the healthy range that symptom scales, which floor out once symptoms are absent, cannot see. And because respondents are never asked about pathology, it is markedly more acceptable in general-population and non-clinical settings.
Framework that measures mental health by the presence of positive states rather than by the absence of symptoms. Developed at the WHO Regional Office for Europe (DepCare Project, 1998) and consolidated by Per Bech, it asks how much of a recent period was spent feeling cheerful, calm, energetic, rested and interested in daily life, and treats that proportion as the measurement itself. Two properties follow from that design. The window is short and explicit, so the reading is a current state that moves with circumstances rather than a trait. And because the scale never mentions a symptom, a low reading is not a symptom count: it is an absence of positive states, which is read as an indication that a fuller assessment may be worth doing, never as a diagnosis.
- 出典:
- World Health Organization (2024). The World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5). Geneva: World Health Organization. WHO/UCN/MSD/MHE/2024.1. Topp, C. W., Ostergaard, S. D., Sondergaard, S., & Bech, P. (2015). The WHO-5 Well-Being Index: a systematic review of the literature. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 84(3), 167-176.
- デジタルオブジェクト識別子 — ジャーナル記事への直接リンク。:
- 10.1159/000376585
この理論に基づいて構築された検証済みテストを受ける
構成概念について読むことは何であるかを教えてくれます。検証済み測定具はそこでの自分の位置を教えてくれます。無料で受けられ、数分で結果が出ます。
エビデンス概要
- 実証的サポート
- 強力なエビデンス
- 再現性
- 十分に再現
- 異文化
- ほぼ普遍的
- メタ分析
- 9件索引済み
これらの評価は、理論に関する公開文献を要約したもので、それに基づいて構築された個々のテストの品質ではありません。以下に記載された出典に基づく編集判断であり、エビデンスが蓄積されるにつれて変化します。
歴史的背景
Bech developed the index from the WHO's regional work on wellbeing measurement in the 1990s, with the five-item version emerging from a longer instrument used in a diabetes study. It was adopted in European health surveys and by the WHO Regional Office for Europe. Topp and colleagues' 2015 systematic review, covering more than two hundred studies, established its validity across clinical and general populations and settled its status as both a wellbeing measure and — despite containing no symptom items — an effective depression screen.
構成概念
精神的ウェルビーイング
Positive mental well-being as the proportion of a recent period spent in five positive states: cheerful and in good spirits, calm and relaxed, active and vigorous, waking rested, and finding daily life filled with things that interest you (WHO, 2024; DepCare Project, 1998). It is defined by presence, not by the absence of symptoms, which is why a low reading is an absence of positive states rather than a symptom count. A current state that moves with circumstances, read against a published cutoff and never as a diagnosis.
機器
- The World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index(WHO-5)World Health Organization; Bech, P. (original development)2024
この理論に基づくテスト
実践的応用
The index is used in population wellbeing surveillance, in primary care as a low-burden first-stage screen, and as an outcome in trials where symptom reduction is not the only goal. Its scoring onto a 0 to 100 scale with a threshold of 50 makes it easy to communicate. It is used in diabetes, cardiology and oncology care to monitor psychological wellbeing without requiring patients to answer questions about mental illness, which improves completion rates in settings where that framing is a barrier.
測定方法
Five positively worded frequency items over the past two weeks, summed and transformed to a 0-100 scale; a score below 50 indicates further assessment is warranted, not a diagnosis.
批評と制限事項
Five items across five distinct facets means low content coverage for any one of them, and the scale cannot distinguish which aspect of wellbeing is low. The threshold of 50 for further assessment is a screening convention, not a diagnostic boundary, and it is frequently reported as though it identified cases. Positively worded items are subject to acquiescence and to culturally patterned norms about expressing positive emotion, complicating cross-national comparison. The two-week window also makes it a state measure often misread as a stable characteristic.
主要文献
- Topp, C. W., Ostergaard, S. D., Sondergaard, S. & Bech, P.. (2015). The WHO-5 Well-Being Index: A systematic review of the literature. 10.1159/000376585
- Bech, P., Olsen, L. R., Kjoller, M. & Rasmussen, N. K.. (2003). Measuring well-being rather than the absence of distress symptoms: A comparison of the SF-36 Mental Health subscale and the WHO-Five Well-Being Scale. 10.1002/mpr.145
- Bech, P.. (1998). Mastering Depression in Primary Care.