Uainishaji wa Nguvu za Tabia katika Matendo (Values in Action)
Peterson, C. & Seligman, M. E. P. · 2004
Pia inajulikana kama: VIA-IS · Character Strengths · Values in Action · VIA Character Strengths · Values in Action Character Strengths
Uainishaji wa Values in Action (VIA) hubainisha nguvu 24 za tabia zilizopangwa chini ya fadhila sita pana: hekima, ujasiri, ubinadamu, haki, kiasi, na ukuu. Imeundwa kama mwenza wa saikolojia chanya kwenye DSM, ilitokana na mradi wa miaka mitatu ulioshirikisha wanasayansi wa kijamii 55 ambao walipitia maandishi ya falsafa, kidini, na kisaikolojia yaliyochukua miaka 2,500. Utafiti wa VIA umekamilishwa by mamilioni ya watu ulimwenguni kote na utafiti unaunganisha nguvu mara kwa mara kama matumaini, hamu, shukrani, upendo, na udadisi na kuridhika na maisha.
Uainishaji wa nguvu 24 za tabia zilizopangwa chini ya fadhila 6 kuu, zilizoundwa kama mwenzake wa saikolojia chanya kwa mifumo ya utambuzi ya kliniki.
- Chanzo:
- Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification.
Fanya jaribio lililothibitishwa linalotokana na nadharia hii
Kusoma kuhusu dhana kunakuambia ni nini. Zana ya kupima iliyoidhinishwa inakuambia pale ulipo. Ni bure kufanya, matokeo kwa dakika.
Ushahidi kwa muhtasari
- Usaidizi wa kimajaribio
- Ushahidi wa wastani
- Urudufishaji
- Imenakiliwa kwa kiasi
- Kitamaduni mtambuka
- Kwa kiasi kikubwa ni ya ulimwengu wote
- Tathmini jumuishi
- zilizoorodheshwa 15
Ukadiriaji huu unatoa muhtasari wa maandishi yaliyochapishwa kuhusu nadharia hii, si ubora wa jaribio lolote moja lililojengwa juu yake. Hizi ni hukumu za uhariri kulingana na vyanzo vilivyoorodheshwa hapa chini, na hubadilika kadiri ushahidi unavyokusanywa.
Muktadha wa Kihistoria
Uainishaji wa VIA uliibuka kutokana na mwanzilishi wa saikolojia chanya ya Martin Seligman kama nidhamu rasmi mnamo 2000, kando na Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. Seligman na Christopher Peterson waliongoza mapitio ya kimfumo ya mila ya wema katika falsafa, theolojia, na saikolojia iliyodumu miaka 2,500 ili kutambua nguvu za tabia zinazothaminiwa ulimwenguni. Kitabu cha 2004 cha 'Character Strengths and Virtues' kilibuniwa wazi kama pande chanya kwa uainishaji wa matatizo ya akili wa DSM, na kuhamisha umakini wa kisayansi kutoka kwa mapungufu kwenda kwenye nguvu.
Dhana
Kuthamini Uzuri
The character strength of noticing and being moved by beauty and excellence — in nature, in art, and in skilled performance (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). It describes being interrupted by something well made, not taste or knowledge about art.
Uwezo wa Kupenda
The character strength of valuing close relationships and being able both to give and to receive affection and care (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). The receiving side is often the harder half: accepting care means letting someone else matter that much.
Uraia Mwema/Kazi ya Pamoja
The character strength of loyalty to a group and pulling one's weight in something collective (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). It is not sociability — it often shows up in people who dislike parties — and a low score can mean independence rather than distance.
Udadisi
The character strength of taking interest in ongoing experience for its own sake — the breadth of appetite for the new (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). It sits close to love of learning without being the same: curiosity opens the door, love of learning keeps a person in the room.
Usawa/Haki
The character strength of treating all people the same according to notions of fairness and justice, without letting personal feelings bias decisions about others (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). Its real test is consistency under pressure: whether the rules bend for people one likes or dislikes.
Msamaha/Rehema
The character strength of forgiving those who have done wrong and giving people a second chance (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). It is about what happens after being hurt: whether the account closes or stays open.
Shukrani
The character strength of being aware of and thankful for the good things that happen (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). It is a habit of noticing rather than a mood, and it is one of the strengths that tends to move with practice.
Tumaini/Matumaini
The character strength of expecting the best in the future and working to achieve it (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). It is expectation, not cheerfulness: a default forecast that leans favorable, as opposed to rehearsing the bad outcome.
Ucheshi/Utani
The character strength of liking to laugh and to bring smiles to other people — producing lightness, not merely appreciating it (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). Its clearest expression is producing it when things are grim.
Bidii/Uvumilivu
The character strength of finishing what one starts and persisting in a course of action despite obstacles (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). It is the strength most likely to be praised by others and least likely to be enjoyed by its owner.
Uadilifu/Uaminifu
The character strength of speaking the truth and presenting oneself in a genuine way (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). Its real content is the expensive case: keeping one's word, and the truth, when doing so costs something.
Busara/Uwazi wa Mawazo
The character strength of thinking things through, examining them from all sides, and weighing evidence before deciding (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). It is deliberation rather than intelligence: the disposition to slow down and look for the other side on purpose.
Wema/Ukarimu
The character strength of doing favors and good deeds for others as a disposition rather than a transaction (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). What separates the two is patience with other people's problems and kindness that does not keep score.
Uongozi
The character strength of encouraging a group to get things done while maintaining good relations within it (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). It is about making a group work, not about authority or being in front.
Kupenda kujifunza
The character strength of mastering new skills, topics, and bodies of knowledge for their own sake, outside any requirement (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). It differs from curiosity in duration: curiosity opens the door, this strength keeps the person in the room.
Unyenyekevu/Kujishusha
The character strength of letting one's accomplishments speak for themselves (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). It is not low self-regard: the question is whether accomplishments need an audience, and a low score is not arrogance — some people simply enjoy being seen.
Uasilia/Ubunifu
The character strength of thinking of novel and productive ways to do things (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). It is appetite for doing things differently rather than artistic talent; contentment with the method that already works is a preference, not a deficit.
Mtazamo/Hekima
The character strength of being able to provide wise counsel and to see the world in a way that makes sense to oneself and others (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). It is largely confirmed from the outside — by whether people bring their hard questions to the person.
Busara
The character strength of being careful about one's choices and considering consequences before acting (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). A low score is not carelessness: liking risk is a preference, not a failure to notice that it exists.
Kujidhibiti
The character strength of regulating what one feels and does — discipline over appetites and impulses, and the ability to forgo a present pleasure for a future good (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). It is the strength people most often wish were higher.
Akili ya kijamii/kihisia
The character strength of being aware of the motives and feelings of other people and knowing what to say and do in social situations (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). It is the reading, not what is done with it — it is not the same as warmth and does not have to be used kindly.
Kiroho
The character strength of holding coherent beliefs about a higher purpose and the meaning of life (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). It is deliberately wide, covering religious belief and a secular sense of purpose alike; a low score describes a worldview, not a deficiency in one.
Ushujaa/Ujasiri
The character strength of not shrinking from threat, challenge, or difficulty, and of speaking up for what is right even when it costs (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). The price is what separates it from simply having opinions.
Hamasa/Uchangamfu wa Maisha
The character strength of approaching life with excitement and energy — feeling alive and activated (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). It is the strength most tied to physical state, so a low reading is worth interpreting alongside sleep, health, and recent months rather than as a fixed trait.
Zana za kupima
- Vipimo Vifupi vya IPIP-VIA-R(IPIP-VIA-R)Bluemke, Partsch, Saucier & Lechner2021
Majaribio yaliyojengwa kwenye nadharia hii
Matumizi ya Kimatendo
Uainishaji wa VIA hutumiwa sana katika kufundisha, tiba, na elimu ili kusaidia watu binafsi kutambua na kutumia nguvu zao za saini kwa ustawi na utendaji bora zaidi. Uingiliaji kati unaotegemea nguvu umeonyesha athari kubwa juu ya ustawi na kupunguza sonona katika watu wa kliniki na wasio wa kliniki. Mfumo pia unatumika katika maendeleo ya shirika, programu za ushauri wa shule, na hatua za afya ya jamii katika mazingira tofauti ya kitamaduni.
Jinsi Inavyopimwa
Nguvu 24 zilitambuliwa kupitia mapitio ya wataalamu wa kifalsafa, kidini, na mila za kisaikolojia badala ya uchambuzi wa kimajaribio, ambayo kwa kiasi fulani inaelezea kutolingana kati ya muundo wa nadharia wa fadhila sita na ufumbuzi wa kimajaribio.
Ukosoaji na Mipaka
Ukosoaji thabiti zaidi unahusu muundo wa kipengele: ingawa nguvu 24 zimepangwa kwenye fadhila sita, uchanganuzi wa vipengele vya kiempirika kwa kawaida hupata vipengele vitatu hadi vitano badala ya muundo uliopendekezwa wa fadhila sita, na kudhoofisha msingi wa kinadharia. Utafiti wa VIA umekosolewa kwa matamshi ya nahau ya kipengele cha swali ambayo yanatishia kutafsiriwa kwa tamaduni mtambuka na kuchangia matokeo yasiyolingana ya uchanganuzi wa kipengele katika urekebishaji wa lugha. Nguvu kadhaa, kama vile shauku, akili ya kijamii, haki, tumaini, na ucheshi, zinaonyesha upakiaji mdogo au ulioenea wa vipengele, na kuibua maswali kuhusu upekee wao kama dhana tofauti.
Machapisho Makuu
- Peterson, C. & Seligman, M. E. P.. (2004). Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification.
- Park, N., Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P.. (2004). Strengths of Character and Well-Being. 10.1521/jscp.23.5.603.50748
- Niemiec, R. M.. (2013). VIA Character Strengths: Research and Practice (The First 10 Years). 10.1007/978-94-007-4611-4_2
- McGrath, R. E.. (2015). Character Strengths in 75 Nations: An Update. 10.1080/17439760.2014.888580
- Seligman, M. E. P. & Csikszentmihalyi, M.. (2000). Positive Psychology: An Introduction. 10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5