CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression ScaleCES-D
~5 min · 20 問 · 無料の簡易レポート
このテストにはセンシティブな内容が含まれています。結果はプライベートであり、明示的に同意しない限り雇用主と共有されることはありません。
Twenty statements about the past week: on how many days you felt sad, slept restlessly, could not get going, or felt happy and enjoyed life. The CES-D was developed in 1977 by Lenore Radloff at the National Institute of Mental Health for household surveys of the general population, and it became the standard depression screener of epidemiologic research: five decades of cohort studies report their results on this 0 to 60 scale. It asks about frequency of symptoms, counted in days over a single week, and it deliberately includes four positive affect items, something the PHQ family does not have. A score of 16 or more counts as a positive screen in the classic literature. The result is a screening signal, never a diagnosis.
Twenty questions about the last seven days, scored 0 to 60 against the cutoff five decades of population research have used.
- Measure your current depressive symptoms the way population research has measured them since 1977: how often each of 20 experiences occurred during the past week, including the presence or absence of positive feelings. You get a 0 to 60 score placed against the classic screening cutoff of 16, plus a qualitative reading of the four symptom groups Radloff described: depressed affect, positive affect, somatic complaints, and interpersonal difficulties.
登録不要で開始できます。簡易レポートは最後に無料で提供されます。 完全レポートは$9.90です。必要なときにお支払いください。
このテストで測定されるもの
Depressive symptoms
How often, over the past week, the feelings and behaviours associated with depression showed up: low mood, loss of pleasure, changes in sleep and appetite, effort in ordinary tasks, and how other people felt to be around. A frequency total over 20 items, read as a screening result and never as a diagnosis.
Below the screening cutoff
At or above the screening cutoff
あなたの結果はこれらのバンドのいずれかに該当します。
クリックからレポートまで。
手順はシンプルです：回答し、システムが計算し、結果が表示されます。事前登録不要、フォーム不要、待ち時間なし。
- 1
「無料で始める」をクリック
開始時に登録は不要です。結果を保存したいときに、最後に本人確認を行います。テストはすぐに始まります。
- 2
質問に答える
Likert 4-point frequency scale (Rarely or none of the time to Most or all of the time)。進捗バーが表示されます。本人確認後は、どのデバイスからでも中断・再開可能です。
- 3
簡易レポートを受け取る
即座に無料で提供。各次元のテキスト要約と、高・中・低の指標が含まれます。
- 4
完全レポートが必要か決める
簡易レポートだけでも十分な価値があります。完全レポートには、パーセンタイル、基準比較、チャート、応用的推奨、検証可能な修了証が追加されます。
- 5
統合チャットで探求する
AIとあなたの結果について対話できます。プロフィールがキャリアにどう活かせるか、高いスコアの意味、他のテストとの比較などを尋ねられます。
簡易レポートはすぐにあなたのものに。完全レポートは必要に応じて。
| 無料版と有料版の比較 | 簡易レポート (常に無料) | 完全レポート ($9.90) |
|---|---|---|
| 回答に基づいて生成された各次元の解釈テキスト | ✓ | ✓ |
| 各次元の素点スコア | ✓ | ✓ |
| 1段落の概要 | ✓ | ✓ |
| 簡易レポートの全内容を、各次元3〜5段落に拡張 | — | ✓ |
| 各次元のパーセンタイル（基準群との比較） | — | ✓ |
| アクセシブルなデータテーブル付きの次元間チャート | — | ✓ |
| キャリア、人間関係、セルフケアへの応用的推奨 | — | ✓ |
| 公開検証とPDFダウンロード付き修了証 | — | ✓ |
- ✓簡易レポートの全内容を、各次元3〜5段落に拡張
- ✓各次元のパーセンタイル（基準群との比較）
- ✓キャリア、人間関係、セルフケアへの応用的推奨
- ✓公開検証とPDFダウンロード付き修了証
テスト完了後、簡易レポートの先に進みたい場合のみお支払いいただきます。
PIX（即時）またはクレジットカードでお支払い。レポートへのアクセスは1年間。その後、レポートは読み取り専用モードで閲覧可能です。
このツールを信頼できる理由。
The CES-D (Radloff, 1977) measures the frequency of depressive symptoms over a single week: 20 statements answered on a 4-point frequency scale counted in days, each scored 0 to 3, for a total of 0 to 60. Four items are worded positively (feeling as good as other people, hopeful, happy, enjoying life) and are reverse scored, so the absence of positive feeling raises the total the same way the presence of sadness does. Internal consistency is about 0.85 in the general population and 0.90 in clinical samples; retest correlations of 0.45 to 0.70 are expected by design, because the scale measures a current state rather than a trait. The score is read against the classic published threshold of 16, which a meta-analysis of 28 studies places at sensitivity 0.87 and specificity 0.70 against clinical diagnosis. No sub-band above 16 is used: the literature that subdivides it has no verified primary source. The four factors Radloff described are reported as qualitative reading, never as separate scores. The English items are the NIMH scale sheet verbatim; Portuguese, Spanish, French, German and Italian are NOESIS's own translations.
- 著者:
- Radloff
- 年:
- 1977
- デジタルオブジェクト識別子 — ジャーナル記事への直接リンク。:
- 10.1177/014662167700100306
- 範囲
- α 0.85 – 0.85(1 尺度)
- 平均
- α 0.85(良好)
クロンバックのα係数。.70以上が許容範囲、.80以上が良好。
- Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401.
このテストの背景にある理論。
Epidemiologic Depression Symptomatology
Framework for measuring current depressive symptomatology in the general population, developed at the NIMH Center for Epidemiologic Studies (Radloff, 1977). Depression is operationalized as the frequency of symptoms over a single week — emphasizing the affective component (depressed mood) — rather than as a clinical diagnosis: items were selected from previously validated scales to cover the major symptom components, including the deliberate measurement of positive affect, whose absence is part of depression that pure symptom lists miss. The measured state is expected to move with life events; scores are read against published screening cutoffs, never as diagnostic categories.
この理論について詳しく見る →ターゲット
Adults who want a research-grade check on their mood in the last week, whether as a one-time screen or as a number to re-measure over time.
推奨年齢: 18+
レポートが答える質問。
How often were depressive symptoms part of your week?
Read the score as a count of symptom frequency across 20 experiences of the past week, from restless sleep to rarely feeling happy. Below 16 sits with the majority of the general population in the classic data. From 16 up, the frequency resembles what five decades of studies treat as a positive screen: a signal worth checking with a professional, not a diagnosis. The score is built to move; measuring again after a few weeks tells you more than any single measurement.
最も効果的な方。
Someone whose low weeks have started to blur together
When every week feels vaguely gray, memory is a poor instrument. Twenty questions about the last seven days turn "I have been off lately" into a number that can be compared with the next week's number.
A person in therapy who wants a tracking number
Between sessions it is hard to say whether things moved. The CES-D was built for repeated measurement, and its score is sensitive to change: in the original data, patients who recovered dropped about 20 points in a month.
Someone who took the PHQ-9 and wants a second angle
Severity against DSM criteria is one lens. Frequency in days, with the absence of joy counted alongside the presence of sadness, is another. Where the two agree, that is worth trusting; where they differ, that is worth exploring.
よくある質問
Is this a diagnosis of depression?
No. The CES-D is a screening instrument: it counts how often depressive symptoms occurred in your week, and a score at or above 16 means your symptom frequency resembles what studies treat as a positive screen. Radloff herself called that threshold arbitrary. A diagnosis of depression requires a clinical evaluation by a professional, which no questionnaire replaces.
How is this different from the PHQ-9?
Three ways. The PHQ-9 maps the nine DSM criteria over a two-week window and measures severity; the CES-D covers a single week, asks on how many days each symptom occurred, and includes four positive affect items the PHQ family leaves out. The PHQ-9 is the standard of clinical practice; the CES-D is the standard of population research, the scale behind most epidemiologic surveys since 1977. Taking both gives two angles on the same terrain.
What does a score of 16 mean?
It is the classic cutoff, published with the scale in 1977: in Radloff's data, 70% of psychiatric patients scored at or above 16 against 21% of the general population. A 2016 meta-analysis of 28 studies found sensitivity of 0.87 and specificity of 0.70 at that threshold, and noted that a cutoff of 20 produces fewer false positives. Crossing 16 is a reason to pay attention and consider talking to a professional, not a verdict.
Why does it ask whether I was happy or enjoyed life?
Four items are worded positively on purpose: feeling as good as other people, feeling hopeful, being happy, enjoying life. Radloff included them to break automatic answering patterns and to measure the absence of positive feeling, which is a part of depression that pure symptom lists miss. They are scored in reverse, so rarely being happy raises the score the same way often feeling sad does.
Why only one week? My mood changes all the time.
That is the design. The CES-D measures a current state, not a stable trait: retest correlations sit between 0.45 and 0.70 precisely because the state moves with life events. The short window is what makes re-measurement meaningful. In Radloff's treatment data, recovered patients dropped around 20 points in four weeks. Take it now, and again after something changes.
Who can see my results?
This test is flagged as sensitive in NOESIS. Your results belong to you. If you ever take it inside a corporate program, individual results of sensitive tests are never shown to your employer without your explicit per-test consent, which defaults to off. That is a platform rule, not a courtesy.
より充実したプロフィールのために、ツールを組み合わせましょう。
各テストは異なる次元を測定します。統合チャットは完了したすべてのテストの結果を横断し、単一のツールでは見えないつながりを明らかにします。
SRQ-20: the World Health Organization common distress screen
約4分·20 問
Twenty yes or no questions about the last 30 days, mixing mood and body, from the World Health Organization screen that deliberately has no universal cutoff.
無料で始める →AUDIT: the World Health Organization alcohol use test
約3分·10 問
Ten questions, a score from 0 to 40, and the four risk zones the World Health Organization publishes for its own alcohol test.
無料で始める →WHO-5: World Health Organization Well-Being Index
約2分·5 問
Five questions, two weeks, a score from 0 to 100: the World Health Organization's well-being index, read against its published threshold of 50.
無料で始める →Chronotype Assessment
約7分·19 問
Are you built for mornings, for nights, or for neither? Nineteen weighted questions place you on a continuous morningness score.
無料で始める →このテストは情報提供を目的とした自己理解のためのツールです。心理学的または臨床的な診断を構成するものではなく、資格を持つ専門家による評価に代わるものでもありません。レポートにはテキスト生成に使用されたAIモデルが示されます。
The CES-D was developed by Lenore Sawyer Radloff at the Center for Epidemiologic Studies, National Institute of Mental Health, and is a work of the United States government in the public domain (17 U.S.C. Sec. 105). APA statement: "The CES-D is in the public domain and no permission is required for use." The English items are reproduced verbatim from the NIMH scale sheet; the Portuguese, Spanish, French, German, and Italian versions are NOESIS's own translations.