Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory
Also known as: RST · BIS/BAS · Gray's Theory
Neurobiological theory positing two fundamental motivational systems: the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS), sensitive to punishment and novelty signals producing anxiety, and the Behavioral Activation System (BAS), sensitive to reward signals producing approach motivation, with BAS further divided into Drive, Fun-Seeking, and Reward Responsiveness.
- Source:
- Gray, J. A. (1970). The psychophysiological basis of introversion-extraversion. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 8(3), 249-266.
Constructs
Behavioral Inhibition (BIS)
Sensitivity to punishment, novelty, and threat cues producing anxiety and behavioral inhibition (Gray, 1970).
BAS Fun-Seeking
Impulsive approach toward novel and exciting stimuli — desire for new experiences and spontaneity (Carver & White, 1994).
BAS Drive
Persistent pursuit of desired goals — motivation to succeed, lead, and excel (Carver & White, 1994).
BAS Reward Responsiveness
Positive emotional responses to reward cues — excitement, enthusiasm, and positive anticipation (Carver & White, 1994).
Instruments
- IPIP BIS/BAS Scales(IPIP-BIS/BAS)Goldberg, L. R. (IPIP), measuring constructs of Gray, J. A. and Carver, C. S. & White, T. L.1999