Interpersonal Circumplex
Wiggins, J. S. · 1979
別名: IPC · Wiggins Circumplex
The Interpersonal Circumplex organises social behaviour in a circle defined by two orthogonal axes: agency (dominance versus submissiveness) and communion (warmth versus coldness). Every interpersonal style is a blend of the two, located by its angular position on the circle rather than by a category. The model's substantive claims are geometric and testable: traits close together on the circle should correlate positively, traits at right angles should be uncorrelated, and traits opposite should correlate negatively. This structure makes the circumplex one of the few personality models that specifies in advance what its correlation matrix must look like.
Circular model organizing interpersonal behavior along two axes: Dominance (assertive vs. submissive) and Affiliation (warm vs. cold), yielding eight octant positions that describe distinct interpersonal styles.
- 出典:
- Wiggins, J. S. (1995). Interpersonal Adjective Scales: Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
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エビデンス概要
- 実証的サポート
- 強力なエビデンス
- 再現性
- 十分に再現
- 異文化
- ほぼ普遍的
- メタ分析
- 8件索引済み
これらの評価は、理論に関する公開文献を要約したもので、それに基づいて構築された個々のテストの品質ではありません。以下に記載された出典に基づく編集判断であり、エビデンスが蓄積されるにつれて変化します。
歴史的背景
The model descends from Sullivan's interpersonal theory of psychiatry and was first drawn as a circle by Leary and the Kaiser Foundation group in the 1950s. Early versions were criticised for poor psychometrics, and the tradition was largely rescued by Wiggins's 1979 lexical work, which selected interpersonal adjectives systematically and demonstrated the circular structure held. Subsequent decades produced the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems and the structural summary method, and established that the two circumplex axes are rotations of Extraversion and Agreeableness from the Five-Factor Model.
構成概念
自信に満ちた支配的（PA）
High dominance interpersonal style — assertive, commanding, confident (Wiggins, 1995).
傲慢で計算高い（BC）
High dominance, low affiliation — competitive, cutting, sharp-tongued (Wiggins, 1995).
冷淡な（DE）
Low affiliation — emotionally detached, unsympathetic, uninterested in others (Wiggins, 1995).
よそよそしく内向的な（FG）
Low dominance, low affiliation — quiet, private, reserved (Wiggins, 1995).
自信のない従順な（HI）
Low dominance — soft-spoken, modest, deferential (Wiggins, 1995).
控えめで素直な（JK）
Low dominance, high affiliation — tolerant, accepting, honest (Wiggins, 1995).
温かく協調的な（LM）
High affiliation — caring, reassuring, interested in others (Wiggins, 1995).
社交的で外向的な（NO）
High dominance, high affiliation — sociable, outgoing, comfortable with people (Wiggins, 1995).
機器
- IPIP Interpersonal Circumplex(IPIP-IPC)Goldberg, L. R. (IPIP), measuring constructs of Wiggins, J. S.1999
この理論に基づくテスト
実践的応用
In clinical psychology the circumplex is used to describe recurring interpersonal problems and to plan treatment, on the principle of complementarity: dominance tends to invite submission and warmth tends to invite warmth, so a therapist can anticipate the pull a patient exerts. In organizational settings it informs feedback on leadership and team style without the pseudo-typology of four-quadrant commercial instruments. In research it is used to locate other constructs — attachment dimensions, dark traits, values — within a common interpersonal space.
測定方法
Measured with adjective or statement ratings scored on two axes; results are reported as an angular position and a vector length (profile elevation and differentiation) rather than as a type.
批評と制限事項
The circle is a simplification: real item sets show gaps and clumps rather than even spacing, and fit indices for perfect circumplexity are rarely met. Because the two axes are rotations of Extraversion and Agreeableness, critics question what the circumplex adds beyond the Five-Factor Model other than a coordinate system. Complementarity, its best-known clinical prediction, has received mixed empirical support, holding more reliably for communion than for agency. Commercial derivatives that convert the continuous circle into four discrete types discard the model's main advantage and should not be treated as the same instrument.
主要文献
- Wiggins, J. S.. (1979). A psychological taxonomy of trait-descriptive terms: The interpersonal domain. 10.1037/0022-3514.37.3.395
- Leary, T.. (1957). Interpersonal Diagnosis of Personality.
- Gurtman, M. B. & Balakrishnan, J. D.. (1998). The structural summary method for the circumplex. 10.1093/clipsy.5.3.374