Hope Theory

Also known as: Snyder Hope Scale · Agency and pathways · Will and ways

Hope is a cognitive motivational state comprising two components: agency (goal-directed energy — the will) and pathways (planning to meet goals — the ways). Both are necessary: agency without pathways produces frustration, pathways without agency produces daydreaming. Hope predicts academic achievement, athletic performance and psychological adjustment above and beyond intelligence, personality and prior achievement.

Source:

Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, L. M., Sigmon, S. T., ... & Harney, P. (1991). The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(4), 570-585.

DOI:

10.1037/0022-3514.60.4.570