Keirsey Temperament Patterns

Also known as: Keirsey temperament sorter model · Four temperament patterns

Four temperament patterns — Artisan (concrete, adaptable, pragmatic), Guardian (concrete, organized, dependable), Idealist (abstract, empathic, identity-seeking), and Rational (abstract, logical, competence-seeking) — defined by two axes: concrete versus abstract observation, and cooperative versus utilitarian action. Keirsey grounded these in observable behavior rather than internal states, producing a typology that overlaps with but is distinct from the MBTI framework it historically drew on.

Source:

Keirsey, D. (1998). Please Understand Me II: Temperament, Character, Intelligence. Prometheus Nemesis Book Company.