Two-Factor Model of Affect

Also known as: PANAS · Positive and Negative Affect · PA/NA independence

Positive Affect (PA) and Negative Affect (NA) are two largely independent dimensions of mood, not opposite poles of a single continuum. High PA reflects enthusiasm, alertness and active engagement; low PA reflects sadness and lethargy. High NA reflects subjective distress and unpleasurable engagement; low NA reflects calm and serenity.

Source:

Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070.

DOI:

10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063